Nationality words & suffixes

When we talk about people, languages, or things from a particular country, we use nationality adjectives. These adjectives always start with a capital letter in English. There are three main suffixes we add to the country name. First, -ish: we use this for Turkey → Turkish, Spain → Spanish, Sweden → Swedish, Poland → Polish. Second, -ian or -an: we use this for Azerbaijan → Azerbaijani, Russia → Russian, Italy → Italian, Brazil → Brazilian, Germany → German. Notice that some country names are shortened before adding -ian (e.g. Italy → Ital- → Italian). Third, -ese: we use this for China → Chinese, Japan → Japanese, Portugal → Portuguese, Vietnam → Vietnamese. Some nationalities are completely irregular and must be memorised: France → French, Greece → Greek, the Netherlands → Dutch. We use nationality adjectives before nouns ('She is an Azerbaijani student') and after the verb 'be' ('He is Turkish'). For example: 'Leyla is from Azerbaijan, so she is Azerbaijani and she speaks Azerbaijani.'